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Inner circles | Togo
Gnassingbé beefs up army to contend with pending threats

Togo's President Faure Gnassingbe inspects the army during a military parade celebrating the 55th anniversary of Togo's independence in Lome on 27 April 2015.
Togo's President Faure Gnassingbe inspects the army during a military parade celebrating the 55th anniversary of Togo's independence in Lome on 27 April 2015. © Xinhua/Zhang Gaiping/MaxPPP

Faced with a jihadist threat on Chad's northern border and with troops engaged in peacekeeping operations in Mali, Togo's head of state has spearheaded a major shakeup of the army and defence ministry's leadership to prepare for challenges ahead.

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Eastern Africa and the Horn

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Southern Africa and islands

Brazil, South Africa
Brazil's choice of Pretoria ambassador sparks diplomatic cold spell

Former mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Marcelo Crivella.
Former mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Marcelo Crivella. © Tomaz Silva via Ulan/Pool / Latin America News Agency via Reuters Connect

Jair Bolsonaro has put South Africa in an awkward position. He hopes to curry favour with evangelicals at home by appointing the former mayor of Rio as his new envoy there. Pretoria is far from pleased but, instead of rejecting Marcelo Crivella outright, has chosen to run the clock down.

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North Africa

Chad, Libya, Sudan
Mahamat Déby's Herculean labours to secure Chad's borders

Chadian Transitional Military Council (TMC) President Mahamat Idriss Déby (right) meeting with Vice President Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, in late August 2021.
Chadian Transitional Military Council (TMC) President Mahamat Idriss Déby (right) meeting with Vice President Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, in late August 2021. © Presidency of the Republic of Chad

The Transitional Military Council first secured the country's left flank by sealing a pact with Niger's President Mohamed Bazoum, and is now hoping to consolidate its western and northern borders in the face of the persistent threat of rebel attacks.

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