While Burundian troops have been operating since the start of the year under the East African Community's (EAC) authority in South Kivu province, the warlord Michel Rukunda, alias Makanika, is nowhere to be seen. Holed up on the high plateaus overlooking Lake Tanganyika, the former colonel, who deserted the Democratic Republic of Congo's armed forces (FARDC) in 2019, has taken command of the Banyamulenge Twigwaneho militia (Twigwaneho means "We must defend ourselves" in Kinyamulenge).

Confronted by